Flower:

• The flowers of Quercus agrifolia are small, inconspicuous, and unisexual, typical of oak species.
• Male flowers appear as slender, dangling catkins (clusters of tiny flowers) in yellow-green hues, providing a subtle decorative effect during the blooming season in spring.
• Female flowers are much smaller, reddish, and found near the leaf axils.
• While the flowers are not showy, they play an essential role in the production of acorns.

Fruit:

• The fruit is an acorn, typically about 1–1.5 inches long, with a rounded, pointed tip.
• Acorns are enclosed at the base by a shallow, scaly cap (cupule).
• When mature, the acorns turn a rich brown color and drop in fall, serving as an important food source for wildlife, including birds, squirrels, and deer.
• Acorns take about 6–8 months to mature after pollination.

Foliage:

• Leaves are evergreen, thick, and leathery, with an elliptical to oval shape, measuring 1–3 inches long.
• The leaf margins are spiny-toothed, resembling holly leaves, which is a characteristic trait of this oak species.
• Upper surfaces are dark green and glossy, while the undersides are covered with a fine layer of soft, whitish-gray hairs.
• The dense, year-round foliage forms a broad, spreading canopy, providing ample shade and shelter.

Quercus agrifolia, commonly known as the Coast Live Oak, is a majestic evergreen oak native to the coastal regions of California. Known for its sprawling canopy, leathery leaves, and drought tolerance, it is a cornerstone species in its native habitat, providing ecological benefits to wildlife and serving as an iconic tree in gardens and landscapes.

Sunlight:

• Thrives in full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially in younger plants.
• Prefers open, sunny locations to develop its wide, spreading canopy.

Soil:

• Adapts to a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils.
• Prefers well-drained soils and performs best in slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.5).
• Avoid planting in areas with poorly draining or consistently wet soil.

Watering:

• Highly drought-tolerant once established; minimal supplemental watering is needed.
• During the first 1–2 years after planting, water deeply every 2–4 weeks to help establish the root system.
• Avoid summer watering for mature trees, as excess moisture during this time can encourage fungal diseases.

Fertilization:

• Generally does not require fertilization in native or nutrient-rich soils.
• In poor soils, a light application of low-nitrogen fertilizer in early spring can support growth.

Pruning:

• Prune in late summer to early fall when the risk of oak wilt infection is minimal.
• Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches to maintain the tree’s structure and health.
• Avoid excessive pruning, as this can stress the tree and make it vulnerable to pests and diseases.

Temperature & Hardiness:

• Hardy in USDA zones 8–10.
• Thrives in Mediterranean climates with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers.
• Can tolerate brief periods of frost but is sensitive to prolonged freezing conditions.

Pests & Diseases:

• Generally resilient but can be affected by pests such as oak moth caterpillars or aphids.
• Vulnerable to sudden oak death (Phytophthora ramorum) in some regions. Preventative measures include maintaining good airflow and avoiding excessive irrigation.
• Watch for signs of powdery mildew or root rot, particularly in wet conditions.

Planting & Spacing:

• Best planted in fall, allowing roots to establish during the rainy season.
• Space trees well apart, as they develop large, spreading canopies that require room to grow.
• Mulch around the base to retain soil moisture and suppress weeds, but avoid piling mulch directly against the trunk.

Companion Plants:

• Plant with other drought-tolerant, native species such as Arctostaphylos (manzanitas), Ceanothus (California lilac), and Salvia (sage).
• Avoid planting shallow-rooted or water-dependent plants beneath the canopy, as they can compete with the tree’s root system.

Special Notes:

• Avoid soil compaction or significant grade changes around the root zone, as Quercus agrifolia has sensitive roots.
• This species plays a crucial role in its ecosystem, providing habitat and food for a variety of birds, mammals, and insects.

Summary:

With its iconic beauty and ecological importance, Quercus agrifolia is a stunning addition to landscapes in Mediterranean climates. By providing proper care, this native oak will thrive for generations, offering shade, shelter, and a touch of California's natural heritage.