Water Hickory

Carya aquatica

$23.00

1 Gallon | Hardiness Zones 5-9

Carya aquatica, the bitter pecan or water hickory, is a large tree, that can grow over 30 metres (98 ft) tall of the Juglandaceae or walnut family. In the American South it is a dominant plant species found on clay flats and backwater areas near streams and rivers. The species reproduces aggressively both by seed and sprouts from roots and from stumps of cut trees. Water hickory is a major component of wetland forests now in the south eastern US, because of the selective cutting of more desirable tree species for the lumber industry. It is considered important in cleansing drainage waters since the plants slow water flow during flooding, allowing sediments to fall out of the water column. This tree species is tolerant of wet soils but grows best on well draining soils near rivers and other water ways.

Carya was widespread during the Tertiary; fossils have been reported from the states of Colorado and Washington, and from China, Japan, Europe, and western Siberia.

Photo credit to John Lampkin

Pickup available at Aiken Nursery

Usually ready in 2-4 days

PLANT DETAILS

Hardiness Zones: 5 - 9

Soil: Wet and Well-drained

Sun: Full Sun and Part Shade

Seasonal Behavior: Deciduous

Growth Rate: Slow

Height at Maturity: 40 - 60 Feet

Spread at Maturity: 20 - 30 Feet

Flower Structure:

  • Type: Monoecious (having both male and female flowers on the same tree).
  • Male Flowers: Known as catkins, these are long, drooping clusters that appear in groups of three. They are typically greenish-yellow and are produced in the spring.
  • Female Flowers: Small, inconspicuous, and found in short spikes at the ends of new growth branches. They usually appear after the male catkins.

Blooming Season:

  • Timing: Blooms in the spring, usually from April to May, depending on the local climate and conditions.

Pollination:

  • Method: Wind-pollinated. The male catkins release pollen into the air, which is then carried to the female flowers on the same or nearby trees.

Visual Impact:

  • Appearance: While the flowers are not particularly showy, the male catkins add some visual interest to the tree in the spring. The female flowers are less noticeable but play a crucial role in the tree's reproductive cycle.

Fruit Development:

  • Description: After pollination, female flowers develop into nuts enclosed in a thin husk. These nuts mature in the fall and are an important food source for wildlife.

Light Requirements: Prefers full sun to partial shade. Full sun promotes the best growth and nut production, but it can tolerate partial shade, particularly in its early stages of growth.

Soil Requirements: Thrives in moist, well-draining, and acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0-7.0). It is well-adapted to wet, bottomland soils and is often found in floodplains, swamps, and along streams and rivers. Incorporating organic matter such as compost can improve soil fertility and structure.

Watering: Requires consistent moisture, especially during the growing season. Water deeply to ensure the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water hickory is adapted to periodic flooding, making it tolerant of very wet conditions.

Temperature and Humidity: Hardy in USDA zones 5-9. Prefers warm temperatures and high humidity. It is well-suited to the southeastern United States but can adapt to a variety of climates within its hardiness range.

Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to support healthy growth. An annual application of compost or well-rotted manure can enhance soil fertility and promote vigorous growth.

Pruning: Prune in late winter or early spring to remove dead or damaged branches and to maintain a healthy shape. Proper pruning can improve air circulation and sunlight penetration, reducing the risk of diseases and pests.

Pests and Problems: Generally pest-resistant but can occasionally attract hickory bark beetles and other insects. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal diseases. If pests are detected, treat with appropriate insecticides or horticultural oils.

Suitable Environment: Ideal for naturalized areas, floodplains, and large landscapes where its size and water requirements can be accommodated. Its attractive foliage and edible nuts make it a valuable addition to native plant gardens and wildlife habitats.

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