Elettaria cardamomum

Flower Structure: Produces small, white or pale green flowers with purple-veined lips.

Blooming Season: Blooms in late summer to early fall.

Fruit: Following the flowers, cardamom produces small, green, pod-like fruits that contain the seeds commonly used as a spice.

Light Requirements: Prefers partial to full shade. Cardamom naturally grows in the understory of tropical forests, so it thrives best in dappled light or filtered shade. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, especially in hotter climates.

Soil Requirements: Thrives in rich, well-draining, loamy soil with high organic content. The ideal pH range is slightly acidic, between 5.5 and 6.5. Incorporating organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure into the soil can help improve fertility and structure.

Watering: Requires regular watering to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Deep, infrequent watering is preferred over shallow, frequent watering to encourage deep root growth. Mulching around the base of the plant helps retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.

Temperature and Humidity: Hardy in USDA zones 8-10. Prefers warm temperatures between 65-95°F (18-35°C) and high humidity. Cardamom is a tropical plant and does not tolerate frost or cold temperatures. In cooler regions, it should be grown in containers and brought indoors during the winter.

Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring, and continue feeding throughout the growing season. An additional application of organic fertilizer, such as compost or fish emulsion, can provide the necessary nutrients for optimal growth and flowering. Avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.

Pruning: Prune to remove dead or damaged leaves and maintain a tidy appearance. This helps improve air circulation and reduces the risk of fungal diseases. Regular pruning also encourages new growth and can improve the overall health of the plant.

Pests and Problems: Generally pest-resistant, but can occasionally attract aphids, spider mites, and scale insects. Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases such as root rot and leaf spot. If pests are detected, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Regularly inspect the plant for any signs of disease or pest infestation.