Hamamelis virginiana

Foliage: The leaves are oval, medium to dark green in summer, turning yellow to golden in fall.

Flowers: Produces clusters of small, fragrant, yellow, spidery flowers in late fall to early winter, often after the leaves have fallen. The flowers are known for their unique twisted petals, which can provide garden interest during the colder months.

Light Requirements: Prefers partial shade to full sun. For optimal growth and flowering, plant in a location that receives at least 4-6 hours of sunlight daily. In hotter climates, some afternoon shade can help protect the foliage from scorching, although the plant is quite adaptable to different light conditions.

Soil Requirements: Thrives in well-draining, loamy soil. Hamamelis virginiana prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH range of 5.5-7.0. It is adaptable to various soil types, including sandy and clay soils, as long as they are well-draining. Incorporating organic matter such as compost can improve soil structure and fertility.

Watering: Requires moderate watering. Keep the soil consistently moist, particularly during the growing season, but avoid waterlogging. Once established, American Witch Hazel is somewhat drought-tolerant, but it performs best with regular watering during dry periods. Mulching around the base of the plant can help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.

Temperature and Humidity: Hardy in USDA zones 3-8. Hamamelis virginiana is well-suited to temperate climates and can tolerate cold winters. It is also adaptable to various humidity levels, making it suitable for both dry and humid conditions. In areas with harsh winters, this plant will still thrive as it is very cold-hardy.

Fertilization: Generally does not require much fertilization if planted in nutrient-rich soil. However, a light application of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring can support healthy growth and flowering. Avoid over-fertilizing, as excessive nutrients can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flowers.

Pruning: Prune immediately after flowering in late winter or early spring to shape the plant and remove any dead or damaged branches. Pruning helps maintain a tidy appearance and encourages bushier growth. Since Hamamelis virginiana blooms on old wood, avoid heavy pruning, which can reduce the number of flowers for the next season.

Pests and Problems: Generally pest-resistant, but may occasionally attract aphids or scale insects. Ensure good air circulation around the plant to prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew or leaf spot. If pests or diseases are detected, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Regular inspection and proper garden hygiene can help keep the plant healthy.