Ilex amelanchier (female)

Foliage: The leaves are dark green, glossy, and elliptic, providing a dense, evergreen appearance year-round.

Flowers: Produces small, white flowers in late spring to early summer. As a female plant, it will produce red to orange berries in the fall if pollinated by a nearby male holly.

Light Requirements: Prefers full sun to partial shade. Ilex amelanchier thrives in areas that receive at least 4-6 hours of sunlight daily. In hotter climates, partial shade can help protect the plant from intense afternoon sun, which may cause stress. However, full sun is generally preferred to produce the best foliage and fruiting.

Soil Requirements: Thrives in well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral soil. Ilex amelanchier prefers rich, loamy soil with a pH range of 5.5-7.0. The plant is adaptable to various soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, provided they drain well. Incorporating organic matter, such as compost or leaf mold, can improve soil fertility and structure.

Watering: Requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. Keep the soil consistently moist, but avoid waterlogging. Once established, Ilex amelanchier is relatively drought-tolerant but will perform best with consistent moisture. Water deeply and regularly, especially during dry periods, to ensure the plant remains healthy and vigorous.

Temperature and Humidity: Hardy in USDA zones 6-9. Ilex amelanchier is well-suited to temperate climates and can tolerate a range of temperatures, including cold winters and hot summers. It prefers moderate humidity levels but can adapt to varying conditions. In colder regions, it is advisable to mulch around the base of the plant to protect the roots during winter.

Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to support healthy growth and encourage flowering and fruiting. A second feeding in mid-summer can help sustain the plant during its peak growing period. Organic fertilizers, such as compost or well-rotted manure, can also be beneficial for providing essential nutrients.

Pruning: Prune lightly in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Pruning helps maintain the plant's shape and remove any dead or damaged branches. Since this is a female plant, pruning should be minimal to allow for the development of flowers and berries. Pruning after the flowering period will help avoid removing the developing fruits.

Pests and Problems: Generally pest-resistant but may occasionally be affected by common garden pests such as aphids or scale insects. Ensure good air circulation around the plant to prevent fungal diseases like leaf spot. If pests or diseases are detected, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Regular inspection and good garden hygiene can help keep the plant healthy.