Southern Bayberry

Morella heterophylla

$23.00 Sold out

1 Gallon | Hardiness Zones 6-9

Native to the coastal regions of the southeastern United States, Morella heterophylla—commonly known as Southern Bayberry or Wax Myrtle—has a rich history rooted in tradition and utility. This hardy evergreen shrub has been prized for centuries not only for its resilience and year-round foliage but also for its unique ability to thrive in nutrient-poor soils thanks to its nitrogen-fixing roots.

One of its most fascinating historical uses comes from the waxy coating on its fruit, which was harvested by early American settlers to make candles, giving rise to its common name. Much like its close relative, Morella cerifera (Northern Bayberry), Morella heterophylla produces small, dark berries covered in a waxy sheen that makes it stand out among native shrubs. While less showy than some flowering plants, its subtle beauty and utility have long been appreciated in coastal and wetland landscapes.

The plant’s adaptability to sandy soils, salt spray, and poor conditions make it a valuable addition to modern gardens, especially in areas where more delicate species struggle. Its similarities to other nitrogen-fixing shrubs like Elaeagnus or Cytisus further highlight its role in enriching the soil and providing valuable habitat for wildlife. Morella heterophylla is also favored by birds, who feast on the berries in late fall and winter, offering a vital food source during colder months.

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PLANT DETAILS

Hardiness Zones: 6 - 9

Soil: Well-drained, Acid, Loam, Sandy, and Clay

Sun: Full Sun and Part Shade

Seasonal Behavior: Evergreen

Growth Rate: Fast

Height at Maturity: 6 - 8 Feet

Spread at Maturity: 6 - 8 Feet

Foliage Details:

  • Type: Morella heterophylla is an evergreen shrub with dense, bushy foliage.
  • Leaves: The leaves are alternate, lance-shaped, and aromatic when crushed. They are glossy green, typically 2 to 4 inches long, with slightly serrated or smooth edges. The foliage provides excellent year-round interest.
  • Growth Habit: The plant can grow between 6 to 12 feet tall, with a similar spread, forming a rounded and dense shape.

Flower Details:

  • Type: Morella heterophylla is dioecious, meaning male and female flowers are typically on separate plants. Female plants are needed for fruit production, but both male and female plants are necessary for pollination.
  • Bloom Time: The flowers appear in early spring, usually between March and April.
  • Description: The flowers are small and inconspicuous, appearing in catkin-like clusters. Male flowers are yellowish-green, and female flowers are less prominent and smaller.

Fruit Details:

  • Type: The fruit of Morella heterophylla is a small, waxy drupe. The fruits are typically round and about 3 to 5 mm in diameter.
  • Color: When ripe, the fruits turn a deep blue or black, covered with a waxy coating, which gives them a frosted appearance. This wax was historically used in candle-making, contributing to the plant's common name, Wax Myrtle.
  • Season: The fruit usually ripens in late summer to early fall. Female plants produce fruit after successful pollination, requiring both male and female plants for fruit set.
  • Wildlife: The fruits are highly attractive to birds, especially during winter months, when they serve as a food source. Some small mammals may also feed on the berries.
  • Uses: While not commonly consumed by humans, the waxy coating from the fruits was once harvested to make candles. The fruits can also be used to attract wildlife to the garden, particularly birds.

Light: Morella heterophylla thrives in full sun to partial shade. It performs best with at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight daily but can tolerate some shade, especially in hotter climates.

Soil: This species is highly adaptable to various soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. It prefers slightly acidic, well-drained soils but can tolerate poorer conditions, including sandy and marshy areas, as it often grows naturally near wetlands. Its nitrogen-fixing ability helps it thrive in low-nutrient soils​

Watering: While drought-tolerant once established, Morella heterophylla performs best with regular watering, particularly during prolonged dry periods. It is well-suited to moist, well-drained soils but can tolerate occasional waterlogged conditions

Temperature: Hardy in USDA zones 6-9, Morella heterophylla can tolerate mild frosts but grows best in temperate climates with warm summers and mild winters.

Fertilizer: This plant requires little to no fertilization due to its nitrogen-fixing capabilities. A light application of compost in spring can be beneficial but is generally unnecessary for healthy growth.

Pruning: Prune in late winter or early spring to maintain its shape and remove dead or damaged branches. Regular pruning can help keep the plant compact and encourage denser growth.

Propagation: Morella heterophylla can be propagated by seeds or cuttings. Softwood cuttings taken in spring or early summer tend to root more easily. Seeds require cold stratification for better germination rates​(The National Gardening Association)​(Grow Plants).

Pests/Diseases: This species is generally pest-resistant and tolerant of disease. Occasionally, it may experience root rot if planted in poorly drained soils

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