Flower Description:

• Type and Arrangement: Machilus thunbergii produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are typically borne in clusters, known as panicles.
• Color: The flowers are a pale yellow-green, blending subtly with the foliage.
• Bloom Time: Late winter to early spring, depending on the climate.
• Fragrance: The flowers have a mild, unnoticeable fragrance, primarily attracting small pollinators such as bees and flies.

Fruit Description:

• Type: The fruit is a drupe (fleshy with a single seed inside).
• Shape and Size: Small and oval-shaped, about 1–1.5 cm in diameter.
• Color: Initially green, maturing to a deep purple or black when ripe.
• Season: Fruits appear in late spring to early summer following flowering.
• Wildlife Value: The fruits are a food source for birds and other wildlife.

Foliage Description:

• Type: Evergreen, broad-leaved foliage that provides year-round interest.
• Shape: Leaves are lanceolate to ovate with a pointed tip, measuring 5–12 cm in length.
• Color: Glossy dark green on the upper surface with a paler green underside.
• Texture: Smooth and leathery, with a prominent central vein.
• Growth Habit: Dense and lush, forming a rounded or spreading canopy.
• Seasonal Changes: The foliage remains consistently green throughout the year, adding stability to landscapes.

Overview:
Machilus thunbergii, commonly known as Red Machilus or Red-barked Machilus, is an evergreen tree native to East Asia, particularly Japan, Taiwan, and parts of China. Known for its attractive reddish-brown bark and dense, glossy foliage, this tree is a popular choice for gardens, parks, and naturalistic landscapes. It can also function as a shade tree or a windbreak in larger settings.

Light Requirements:

• Full Sun to Partial Shade: Thrives in full sun but tolerates partial shade, especially in hotter climates where some protection from the harsh afternoon sun can prevent leaf scorch.

Soil Requirements:

• Soil Type: Prefers well-draining, loamy soil but adapts to sandy or clay soils if properly amended.
• pH Preference: Neutral to slightly acidic soil (pH 6.0–7.0).
• Moisture: Requires consistently moist soil; avoid waterlogging as this can lead to root rot.

Watering:

• Young Trees: Water deeply once or twice a week during the growing season.
• Established Trees: Moderate drought tolerance but prefers regular watering during dry spells to maintain health and vigor.

Fertilization:

• Frequency: Fertilize in early spring and mid-summer for optimal growth.
• Type: Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or organic compost to enrich the soil.

Pruning:

• Timing: Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
• Technique: Remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches. Light shaping can be done to maintain a natural form.

Temperature and Hardiness:

• USDA Zones: Hardy in zones 8–11.
• Temperature: Sensitive to severe frost; protect young trees with frost cloth in colder areas.

Pests and Diseases:

• Generally pest-resistant, though it may occasionally be affected by scale insects or aphids.
• Keep an eye out for fungal issues in overly wet conditions; ensure good air circulation around the tree.

Mulching:

• Apply a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around the base to retain soil moisture and regulate temperature. Keep mulch a few inches away from the trunk to prevent rot.

Growth Rate and Maintenance:

• Growth Rate: Moderate; can grow 1–2 feet per year under ideal conditions.
• Mature Size: Reaches 20–30 feet in height and 15–20 feet in spread.
• Minimal maintenance is required once established.

Special Notes:

• Machilus thunbergii is an important ecological species in its native habitat, supporting local wildlife.
• Its dense foliage makes it an excellent option for creating privacy or shade in gardens.