Ilex verticillata "Winter Red (female)"

Foliage: The leaves are dark green, elliptic, and provide a dense, deciduous appearance. The foliage turns yellow in the fall before dropping, leaving the bright red berries on display throughout winter.

Flowers: Produces small, inconspicuous white flowers in late spring to early summer. As a female plant, Ilex "Winter Red" requires a nearby male plant, such as "Southern Gentleman," for pollination and berry production.

Light Requirements: Prefers full sun to partial shade. "Winter Red" thrives in full sunlight, which promotes the best berry production and vibrant foliage. It can tolerate partial shade, particularly in warmer climates, but full sun is ideal to ensure abundant flowering and fruiting.

Soil Requirements: Prefers moist, well-draining, acidic soil. This plant grows best in rich, loamy soil with a pH range of 4.5-6.5. "Winter Red" is adaptable to various soil types, including sandy and clay soils, as long as they retain moisture. Incorporating organic matter such as compost or peat moss into the soil improves its structure and fertility, benefiting overall plant health.

Watering: Requires regular watering, especially during dry periods. Ilex verticillata prefers consistently moist soil, particularly during the growing season. It can tolerate wet soils, making it ideal for rain gardens or areas with poor drainage. However, avoid letting the soil become waterlogged for extended periods. Mulching around the base of the plant helps retain soil moisture and regulate temperature, which is particularly important during hot, dry spells.

Temperature and Humidity: Hardy in USDA zones 5-9. "Winter Red" is well-suited to a wide range of climates and is particularly valued for its cold hardiness. It can withstand cold winters and frost, making it an excellent choice for gardens in colder regions. The plant prefers moderate humidity levels but is adaptable to various humidity conditions.

Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to support healthy growth and berry production. An additional application in mid-summer can help sustain the plant during its peak growing period. Organic fertilizers, such as compost or well-rotted manure, are also beneficial for maintaining soil fertility and supporting overall plant health.

Pruning: Prune lightly in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Since this is a female plant, minimal pruning is recommended to preserve flowers and maximize berry production. Pruning after berry formation can help maintain the plant’s shape while allowing for ornamental fruit display throughout the winter.

Pests and Problems: Generally pest-resistant but may occasionally encounter issues with common garden pests like aphids or scale insects. Ensuring good air circulation around the plant can help prevent fungal diseases such as leaf spot or powdery mildew. If pests or diseases are detected, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Regular monitoring and good garden hygiene are key to maintaining plant health.