Flower Structure: Produces small, inconspicuous greenish-white flowers.

Blooming Season: Blooms in late spring to early summer.

Fruit: The flowers are followed by bright red berries that persist into winter, providing visual interest and food for wildlife.

Light Requirements: Prefers partial to full shade. For optimal growth, plant it in an area where it receives dappled sunlight or is shielded from direct sun, particularly in the hottest parts of the day. It can tolerate deep shade, making it ideal for shaded garden areas.

Soil Requirements: Thrives in well-draining, humus-rich soil. It prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0). Amending the soil with organic matter such as compost or leaf mold can improve soil fertility and structure. It can tolerate a range of soil types but performs best in loamy soils.

Watering: Requires moderate watering. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply to ensure the root zone is adequately hydrated, particularly during dry spells. Reduce watering frequency during the winter months when the plant is not actively growing.

Temperature and Humidity: Hardy in USDA zones 7-9. Prefers moderate temperatures and high humidity. Protect the plant from extreme cold and frost. In colder regions, mulch around the base of the plant to protect the roots from freezing temperatures.

Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to support healthy growth. An additional application of compost or well-rotted manure can enhance soil fertility. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of overall plant health.

Pruning: Minimal pruning is required. Remove any dead or damaged leaves in early spring to maintain a tidy appearance. If necessary, lightly prune to shape the plant and encourage denser growth. Avoid heavy pruning, as it can reduce the plant’s ornamental value.

Pests and Problems: Generally pest-resistant and not prone to serious diseases. Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases. If pests such as aphids or spider mites are detected, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil.