Ilex integra

Foliage: The leaves are glossy, dark green, and elliptic to oval, providing a dense, evergreen appearance year-round.

Flowers: Produces small, inconspicuous white flowers in the spring, followed by red berries in the fall if both male and female plants are present.

Light Requirements: Prefers full sun to partial shade. Ilex integra grows well in both full sun and partial shade, although it thrives best in locations with bright, indirect light. In warmer climates, some afternoon shade can help protect the plant from intense sunlight, which can cause leaf scorch.

Soil Requirements: Prefers well-draining, fertile soil. Ilex integra thrives in rich, loamy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range (5.5-7.0). The plant is adaptable to various soil types, including sandy and clay soils, provided they drain well. Adding organic matter, such as compost or leaf mold, will improve soil structure and fertility.

Watering: Requires moderate watering. Ilex integra prefers consistently moist soil, especially during the growing season. Water the plant regularly, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. However, be careful to avoid waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot. During dry spells, increase the frequency of watering to keep the soil evenly moist.

Temperature and Humidity: Hardy in USDA zones 7-9. Ilex integra prefers temperate climates and is tolerant of a range of temperatures, though it is not frost-tolerant. In colder climates, it should be protected from frost or grown in containers that can be moved indoors during the winter. It prefers moderate to high humidity levels and will benefit from regular misting in drier environments.

Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to support healthy growth and encourage flowering and fruiting. An additional feeding in mid-summer can help sustain the plant during the peak growing period. Organic fertilizers, such as compost or well-rotted manure, are also beneficial and can be incorporated into the soil annually.

Pruning: Prune lightly in late winter or early spring to shape the plant and remove any dead or damaged branches. Ilex integra has a naturally attractive form, so heavy pruning is generally unnecessary. However, regular light pruning can help maintain a neat appearance and encourage bushier growth.

Pests and Problems: Generally pest-resistant but may occasionally be affected by common garden pests such as aphids, scale insects, or spider mites. Ensure good air circulation around the plant to prevent fungal diseases such as leaf spot or powdery mildew. If pests or diseases are detected, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Regular inspection and maintaining garden hygiene can help keep the plant healthy.