Ilex opaca (female) "Selected Red"

Foliage: The leaves are glossy, dark green, and spiny, providing a dense, evergreen appearance year-round.

Flowers: Produces small, inconspicuous white flowers in the spring. As a female plant, Ilex opaca "Selected Red" produces bright red berries in the fall and winter, provided a male holly is nearby for pollination.

Light Requirements: Prefers full sun to partial shade. Ilex opaca "Selected Red" thrives in full sunlight, which promotes the best berry production and dense foliage. It can tolerate partial shade, particularly in hotter climates, but full sun is ideal for optimal growth and fruiting.

Soil Requirements: Prefers well-draining, slightly acidic soil. This holly species grows best in rich, loamy soil with a pH range of 5.0-6.5. It can adapt to various soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, as long as they drain well. Adding organic matter, such as compost or leaf mold, will improve soil structure and fertility, helping the plant thrive.

Watering: Requires moderate watering. Ilex opaca "Selected Red" prefers consistently moist soil, especially during the first few years of establishment. Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant but will perform best with regular watering during dry periods. Mulching around the base of the plant helps retain soil moisture and regulate temperature.

Temperature and Humidity: Hardy in USDA zones 5-9. Ilex opaca is well-suited to a range of temperate climates and can withstand cold winters. It prefers moderate humidity levels but can tolerate occasional drought conditions. In colder climates, ensure the plant is protected from harsh winds to prevent winter burn on the foliage.

Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to support healthy growth and berry production. A second feeding in mid-summer can help sustain the plant during its active growing season. Organic fertilizers, such as compost or well-rotted manure, are also beneficial and can be applied annually to maintain soil fertility.

Pruning: Prune lightly in late winter or early spring to shape the plant and remove any dead or damaged branches. Since this is a female plant, pruning should be minimal to preserve flowers and ensure good berry production. If necessary, pruning can also be done after the berries have formed in late fall or early winter.

Pests and Problems: Generally pest-resistant, but may occasionally be affected by common garden pests such as scale insects or leaf miners. Ensure good air circulation around the plant to prevent fungal diseases like leaf spot or powdery mildew. If pests or diseases are detected, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Regular monitoring and maintaining good garden hygiene can help keep the plant healthy.