Woodlanders collected this one in the pre-Andean foothills of northwest Argentina, which is exactly what the name says: praeandinum, before the Andes. The plant grows wild there between three and five thousand feet, in country that bakes by day and chills hard at night, and that upbringing shows. Heat that flattens lesser things does not faze this vine, which still comes back through a Zone 8 winter.
Canna flaccida is the wild golden canna of the Southern coastal plain, a native perennial with the broad, light green, tropical-looking leaves of the genus and large soft yellow flowers held above them in summer. Where the heavy garden cannas read as bedding, this species keeps a looser, wilder grace, the petals thin and almost orchid-like, opening in the morning and lasting a day.
Native to Central and South America but naturalized across the tropics, this fast-growing shrub flowers not in spring or summer like a well-behaved plant but in autumn and into early winter, hanging great loose clusters of clear, saturated yellow at the ends of arching branches, each bloom built around curved stamens that give a vaguely butterfly-like silhouette. Cloudless Sulphur and Sleepy Orange butterflies find the shrub irresistible as both nectar source and larval host, and tend to arrive in numbers when the flowers open, a fact that either delights or mildly alarms a gardener, depending on how attached one is to the foliage. The caterpillars, for the record, are a vivid chartreuse and genuinely handsome. That is the bargain on offer.
'Buttercream' is a pale yellow-flowered form of Cassia bicapsularis, a softer, more refined take on that shrub's late-season show. Where the species blazes a saturated gold, 'Buttercream' carries clusters of cool, buttery cream-yellow flowers through autumn and into early winter, the same butterfly-like blooms at the ends of fast, arching branches, and the same draw for Cloudless Sulphur and Sleepy Orange butterflies that feed and breed on the plant.
September is a difficult month to write for. The garden is still technically in summer, but the light has shifted, lower and more golden, arriving at an angle that changes everything it touches. Cassia corymbosa reads that shift and answers it. While most summer shrubs are winding down, this one is only beginning, throwing dense corymbs of deep golden-yellow flowers at the branch tips with an enthusiasm that seems almost contrarian for the season.
Buttonbush is a rounded, deciduous native shrub, easily trained as a small multi-stemmed tree, grown for the curious globe-shaped flowers that give the plant its name. From early summer into fall, creamy-white pincushion balls about an inch across stud the branches, each a sphere of tiny tubular flowers with projecting styles that lend a fireworks effect, intensely fragrant and alive with bees, butterflies, and other pollinators.
Hardiness
Zones 5–10
Light
Full Sun / Part Shade
Height
6–12 ft.
Spread
6–8 ft.
Bloom
White
Plant type
Shrub
Traditional use
pain relief, general wellness, detoxification & cleansing, topical applications
Ceratostigma willmottianum, the Chinese plumbago, is a small deciduous subshrub grown for one of the truest blues in the garden. From midsummer into autumn the wiry, bristly-leaved stems carry clusters of intense cobalt-blue flowers, each a slim reddish-purple tube opening to five pale-blue lobes, and as the season cools the foliage turns a rich red and bronze, so that blue flower and crimson leaf often share the plant at once.
Cercis yunnanensis, the Yunnan redbud, is an upright, vase-shaped deciduous tree that opens the spring with an abundance of magenta-pink, pea-like flowers, borne in the redbud fashion straight along the bare branches and older wood before the leaves appear. The heart-shaped leaves that follow are the tree's quieter distinction: glossier and more refined than those of most redbuds, giving a polished, clean-textured canopy through summer.
Cestrum elegans var. smithii is the soft, blush-rose form of the elegant cestrum, a fast, arching shrub that carries dense terminal clusters of slender tubular flowers in a warm pink, mildly fragrant in the evening and a steady draw for hummingbirds. Where the species runs to hot red-purple, this variety keeps things gentler, blooming from late spring well into fall, and year-round under glass.
Few plants announce themselves the way Cestrum nocturnum does, and never by daylight. Through the afternoon the shrub keeps to a quiet, almost ordinary green, the slender branches arching and half-climbing, the small tubular flowers furled and unremarkable. Then dusk arrives, the cream-green trumpets open, and the night-blooming jasmine releases a perfume so far-reaching that it carries across a whole garden on still, warm air.
Leatherleaf is the quiet constant of the northern bog. Chamaedaphne calyculata, the only species in the genus, is a low, thicket-forming evergreen of the heath family that ranges right around the cold northern world, from the peatlands of North America east to the bogs of Finland and Japan, and southward in this country to the pocosins and acid bogs of the coastal plain, as far as South Carolina. Across that vast range, leatherleaf forms the dense, spreading colonies that hold a bog together and shelter the wildlife within.
The turtlehead is named twice over for things that go quiet. The genus Chelone is the Greek word for tortoise, after a nymph who mocked the marriage of Zeus and Hera and was turned, for her insolence, into a creature that carries her house and holds her tongue; one look at the flower, a hinged, swollen, pink-and-gaping thing that seems about to either speak or bite, and you see why the name stuck. The species honors John Lyon, the Scottish plant hunter who worked the southern Appalachians in the footsteps of Bartram and Michaux. Lyon collected this turtlehead somewhere in the mountains around 1812 without recording quite where, noting only in his catalog that here was a new species, and a beautiful one; his friend Frederick Pursh later pinned Lyon's name to the plant. Lyon did not have long to enjoy the honor, dying in 1814 in the same southern mountains that had made his name. The plant has fared better. Chelone lyonii grows wild along streambanks and seeps in the high southern Appalachians, and 'Hot Lips' is the selection that turned the color up, deeper rose-pink flowers over foliage that emerges with a bronze cast. The flowers arrive in late summer and run into fall, which is the real gift, holding color in the moist and shaded corners just as the rest of the garden tires. Only a bumblebee is strong enough to force the blooms open, so a planting in flower comes with a low percussion of bees muscling in and backing out. Give them wet feet and a little shade and there is very little that does a damp, difficult spot this gracefully, or this late.
For a week or two in late spring, the Chinese fringetree disappears under snow. Chionanthus retusus var. serrulatus is a deciduous small tree of East Asia, native to China, Korea, and Japan, and the great show is the flowering: dense, lacy, fringed panicles of pure white, each petal narrow and strap-like, smothering the canopy so thickly that the foliage all but vanishes. The genus name says as much, from the Greek chion, snow, and anthos, flower.
The native fringetree is one of the great small trees of the southern spring. Chionanthus virginicus, a deciduous large shrub or small tree, often multi-stemmed, hangs the whole canopy with fleecy, drooping panicles of narrow white petals in spring, soft as torn paper and lightly fragrant, a look that earned the old country names old man's beard and grancy graybeard. On female plants the flowers give way to clusters of raisin-sized, deep blue-purple fruits that birds take quickly.
Choisya is a small genus of aromatic evergreen shrubs from the southwestern United States and Mexico, kin to citrus in the rue family, and Choisya 'Aztec Pearl' is the garden world's favorite of the tribe. The hybrid, a cross between Choisya arizonica and Choisya ternata, was raised by Peter Moore at Longstock Park Nursery in England, and the selection has proved hardier, more heat tolerant, and altogether easier in the garden than either parent.
The rockroses bloom as if for a single day, and in a sense they do. Each papery flower of Cistus x purpureus lasts only from morning to evening before dropping, yet through late spring the shrub opens fresh bloom after fresh bloom, so the whole plant seems perpetually covered. The flowers are the draw: two to three inches wide, crushed-silk petals of pinky purple, each stamped at the base with a deep maroon blotch, a marking that earned the old garden name orchidspot rockrose. Rockroses are not roses, and are not related; the resemblance is only in the open, five-petalled face.
The Rangpur is not truly a lime at all, but Indian gardeners have used the fruit as one for more than five hundred years. Citrus x limonia, an old natural hybrid of mandarin and citron, bears small, round, deep orange fruits that look like tangerines and taste fiercely sour, with the aromatic bite that makes a fine lime substitute for cooking, cocktails, and marmalade. In India the fruit goes by surkh nimboo, the red lime, prized for exactly that intense, tart juice.
Among the very first of the citranges, Citrus 'Rusk' dates to 1897, when Walter Swingle crossed a Ruby orange with the tough, cold-hardy trifoliate orange, Poncirus trifoliata, in the great effort to breed citrus that could take a freeze. The result is a vigorous, tall-growing, notably hardy tree, evergreen to semi-evergreen, and dense with the distinctive three-parted trifoliate leaves.
Named for Walter Tennyson Swingle, the pioneering citrus breeder who spent his career crossing tender oranges with the iron-hardy trifoliate orange, the Swingle citrumelo is among the toughest citrus hybrids ever raised. A cross of grapefruit, Citrus paradisi, and trifoliate orange, Poncirus trifoliata, this vigorous, thorny, semi-evergreen shrub or small tree carries fragrant white citrus blossoms in spring, followed by pear-shaped yellow fruits about the size of a large orange.
Woodlanders has long led in offering citrus and citrus hybrids hardy well beyond the usual citrus belt, and the Troyer citrange is a classic of the kind. A cross of the Washington navel orange and the inedible but iron-hardy trifoliate orange, Poncirus trifoliata, the Troyer was raised in 1909 under the direction of the great citrus breeder Walter Swingle, and later named for A. M. Troyer of Fairhope, Alabama, where the tree first bore fruit, a nice southern footnote for a hardy citrus.
