Willow Oak

Quercus phellos

$25.00
USDA Zones 6–9 Full Sun Matures 40–75 Feet
Size: 1 Gallon

Pickup available at Aiken Nursery

Usually ready in 2-4 days

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Roots wrapped in moist soil and padded for safe transit
Grown and shipped from our nursery in Aiken, SC
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The first surprise of Quercus phellos is that nobody believes they're an oak. The leaves are narrow and untoothed, willow-like, finer than an oak has any right to be, and they turn soft yellow before they fall; only the acorns, small and round and produced by the thousand, give the game away. There is a small joke folded into the name, too. Phellos is the old Greek word for the cork oak, so Linnaeus reached for the name of one tree to christen another that resembles neither cork oak nor, in fact, an oak at all, but a willow. Native to the bottomlands and moist flats of the coastal plains from Long Island south and well up the Mississippi valley, willow oak has spent the last century becoming one of the great street and shade trees of the South, the reason so many old town squares and college quads are roofed in fine green shade. They grow fast for an oak, two feet a year when young, into a clean trunk and an open, rounded crown of forty to sixty feet, and they shrug off clay, compaction, and city air. The texture is the seduction: where most oaks read as heavy, willow oak reads as light, almost airy, casting shade without the bulk. The small acorns feed everything, ducks especially. Plant one and you are planting for the people who will sit under them long after you, which is the only honest reason to plant an oak at all.

Will this plant thrive in your zone?

Size: 1 Gallon
Plant Profile
At a glance
Hardiness
USDA Zones 6–9
Sun
Full Sun
Soil
Well-drained, Sandy, Loam, Clay, Moist
Mature size
Height 40–75 Feet · Spread 30–50 Feet
Growth rate
Moderate
Seasonality
Deciduous
Flower, Fruit & Foliage

Flowers
Inconspicuous, as in all oaks. Willow oak is monoecious, carrying both sexes on the same tree. The males hang in slender yellow-green catkins in mid to late spring, loose and pendulous; the females are tiny, reddish, and tucked into the leaf axils where you will never notice them. Wind does the work. No fragrance, no show, and none expected.

Foliage
The whole character of the tree. Narrow, smooth-edged, willow-like leaves, two to five inches long and seldom more than an inch wide, glossy green through summer and turning yellow to russet in fall, with a faint red flush on the new spring growth. Deciduous, though the leaves often hang on stubbornly into winter before letting go.

Fruit
Small rounded acorns, a quarter to half an inch across, seated in shallow saucer caps and ripening over two seasons. One of the most prolific acorn producers among the oaks, and the small size is the point: wood ducks and other waterfowl swallow them whole, along with jays, turkeys, squirrels, and deer.

Care

Read our full care guide

Sunlight Requirements

Willow oak thrives in full sun (at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day). It can tolerate some light shade but grows best with ample sun exposure.

Soil Preferences

  • Adaptable to a wide range of soils, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils.
  • Prefers moist, well-draining soil, though it can tolerate periods of drought once established.
  • pH range: Slightly acidic to neutral (5.5–7.0).

Watering Needs

  • Young trees require regular watering until well established.
  • Once mature, drought-tolerant, though occasional deep watering during prolonged dry spells can improve vigor.
  • Avoid waterlogged conditions.

Temperature & Hardiness

  • Hardy in USDA Zones 5–9.
  • Tolerates a wide range of climates, from humid southeastern summers to colder northern winters.

Fertilization

  • Not necessary for established trees in nutrient-rich soils.
  • If growth is slow or leaves appear pale, apply a balanced slow-release fertilizer (10-10-10) in early spring.

Pruning

  • Minimal pruning required; mainly for shaping and removing dead or crossing branches.
  • Prune in late winter to early spring before new growth starts.

Growth Rate & Mature Size

  • Fast-growing, adding 2–3 feet per year under optimal conditions.
  • Can reach 40–75 feet in height with a 30–50 foot spread at maturity.

Pest & Disease Resistance

  • Generally resistant to pests and diseases.
  • May occasionally encounter oak wilt, leaf spot, or gall-forming insects, though these are rarely serious threats.
  • Keeping trees healthy with proper watering and mulching reduces stress-related issues.

Mulching

  • Apply a 2–3 inch layer of mulch around the base, keeping it several inches away from the trunk to prevent rot and pests.
  • Helps retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Wildlife & Landscape Uses

  • Excellent shade tree for urban and residential landscapes.
  • Acorns provide a valuable food source for wildlife, including deer, squirrels, and birds.
  • Tolerant of pollution and compacted soils, making it a great choice for city planting.
Here’s a closer look at how we produce our plants

From rooting to shipping, our top priority is ensuring you receive healthy, thriving plants for your garden’s success.

Woodlanders Growing Process

Because most of our plants are grown from rooted cuttings — alongside seed, air layering, and grafting chosen for each variety — you receive a stronger, true-to-type plant that establishes quickly in your garden.

Sustainable Growing Practices

Raised on organic soil blends and eco-friendly pest management — never harsh chemicals — your plant arrives healthy for your garden, your family, and the pollinators they feed.

Supporting Local Biodiversity

Every purchase gives back. We donate to the Aiken Arboretum and support local wildlife conservation, so growing your garden helps protect the wider ecosystem too.

At Woodlanders, we are committed to quality.
Grown in Aiken, South Carolina
At Woodlanders, we are committed to quality.

All our plant material is carefully propagated, grown, and nurtured at our humble nursery in Aiken, South Carolina.

Learn more about Woodlanders
Healthy plants, ready to thrive
Success, made simple
Healthy plants, ready to thrive

Your plant arrives carefully packed and ready to settle in. Unpack them promptly, give them a day or two to acclimate, then plant following the notes we include — that’s all it takes. Clear care guidance comes with every order, so success is the easy part.

Read the care guide
Frequently Asked Questions
What to expect upon delivery

All our plants are sold in 1-gallon sizes, though the height of each plant can vary depending on its growth rate and seasonality, typically ranging from 1/2 to 2.5 feet.

Each plant is carefully packaged with its roots enclosed in a secure plastic bag containing moist soil, forming a compact root ball. To ensure safe transport, the box is padded with recycled newspaper, providing both stability and eco-friendly protection from weather during shipping.

What is your return policy?

Review our full return policy information on our SHIPPING AND RETURNS POLICY page.

What payment methods can I use?

We offer 35 different payment methods including major providers like Mastercard, Visa, PayPal, American Express and Diners as well as many different local payment methods including Klarna, iDEAL, AliPay, Sofort, giropay, and many more.

Can I make changes to my order after it’s been placed?

At Woodlanders, we strive to fulfill orders as quickly as possible. Therefore, we can only accommodate changes to your order within the first 24 hours after it has been placed. These changes include adding or removing products and modifying the delivery address. If you need to make any changes or if there has been a mistake with your order information, please reach out to us promptly via our CONTACT page with your order number for the quickest resolution.

Your satisfaction is our priority, and we appreciate your understanding and cooperation.