Lobelia cardinalis

Foliage: The leaves are lance-shaped, dark green, and form a dense, upright clump. The foliage provides a lush backdrop to the vivid red flowers.

Flowers: Produces tall spikes of brilliant red, tubular flowers from mid-summer to early fall. The flowers are highly attractive to hummingbirds and other pollinators.

Light Requirements: Prefers partial shade to full sun. Lobelia cardinalis thrives in partial shade, particularly in hotter climates, where protection from the intense afternoon sun helps prevent leaf scorch. It can tolerate full sun in cooler regions, especially if the soil is kept consistently moist.

Soil Requirements: Prefers moist to wet, well-draining soil. Cardinal Flower naturally grows in wetlands, along stream banks, and in areas with consistent moisture. It performs best in rich, loamy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range (5.5-7.0). Adding organic matter, such as compost or leaf mold, will improve soil structure, enhance moisture retention, and support healthy growth.

Watering: Requires regular watering to maintain consistently moist soil. Lobelia cardinalis does not tolerate dry conditions well, so regular watering is essential, especially during dry spells. The soil should remain evenly moist, but not waterlogged, throughout the growing season. Mulching around the base of the plant helps retain moisture and keeps the roots cool.

Temperature and Humidity: Hardy in USDA zones 3-9. Cardinal Flower is well-suited to a range of climates, from cooler northern regions to warmer southern areas. It prefers high humidity levels, which align with its natural wetland habitat. In colder zones, it may benefit from a layer of mulch in winter to protect the roots from freezing temperatures.

Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to encourage healthy growth and vibrant flowering. An additional application of fertilizer in mid-summer can help sustain the plant during its peak blooming period. Organic fertilizers, such as compost or well-rotted manure, are also beneficial for maintaining soil fertility.

Pruning: Prune lightly after flowering to remove spent blooms and prevent self-seeding if desired. Deadheading can encourage a second flush of flowers later in the season. In late fall, cut back the foliage to the ground after the first frost to prepare the plant for winter dormancy.

Pests and Problems: Generally pest-resistant but may occasionally be affected by slugs, snails, or aphids, particularly in wet conditions. Ensuring good air circulation around the plant and avoiding overhead watering can help prevent fungal issues. If pests or diseases are detected, treat with appropriate measures such as insecticidal soap or slug bait.