Ilex cassine (male)

Foliage: The leaves are dark green, glossy, and elliptic to oblong, providing a dense, evergreen appearance year-round.

Flowers: Produces small, white flowers in the spring. As a male plant, Ilex cassine does not produce berries but is essential for pollinating nearby female hollies.

Light Requirements: Prefers full sun to partial shade. Ilex cassine thrives best in locations with at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight daily. It can tolerate partial shade, especially in warmer climates, but full sun will promote the best growth and form.

Soil Requirements: Prefers well-draining, moist soil. Ilex cassine is naturally found in wetland areas, so it performs well in soils that retain moisture, including loamy, sandy, or clay soils. It thrives in slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-7.0). Incorporating organic matter such as compost can improve soil structure and moisture retention, which is particularly important in drier areas.

Watering: Requires regular watering, especially during establishment and in dry periods. Keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Although Dahoon Holly can tolerate occasional flooding, it does best with regular moisture. During dry periods, additional watering will help maintain its lush appearance and healthy growth.

Temperature and Humidity: Hardy in USDA zones 7-9. Ilex cassine prefers warm, humid conditions typical of its native range in the southeastern United States. It is tolerant of occasional frost but may need protection from prolonged cold in the northernmost parts of its hardiness range. High humidity is ideal, but it can adapt to a variety of conditions.

Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to support healthy growth. A second feeding in mid-summer can help sustain the plant during its active growing season. Use a fertilizer formulated for acid-loving plants if your soil tends to be more alkaline. Organic fertilizers, such as compost or well-rotted manure, can also be beneficial.

Pruning: Prune lightly in late winter or early spring to maintain shape and remove any dead or damaged branches. Since this is a male plant, pruning can be done more liberally as there is no need to preserve flowers for berry production. Regular pruning helps maintain a dense, attractive form.

Pests and Problems: Generally pest-resistant but may occasionally be affected by common garden pests like scale insects, aphids, or spider mites. Ensure good air circulation around the plant to prevent fungal diseases such as leaf spot. If pests or diseases are detected, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Regular monitoring and proper garden hygiene can help keep the plant healthy.