Flowers:

The flowers of Nyssa sylvatica are small and inconspicuous, appearing in late spring to early summer. They are greenish-yellow and grow in clusters, with male and female flowers typically found on separate trees (dioecious) or sometimes on the same tree (polygamo-dioecious). While not particularly showy, the flowers are an important nectar source for pollinators such as bees.

Fruit:

The fruit is a small, oval drupe, about ½ inch long, ripening in late summer to early fall. It transitions from green to dark blue or purplish-black when mature. The fruit is a favorite of many bird species, including robins, bluebirds, and woodpeckers, as well as mammals such as raccoons and squirrels. Though edible for wildlife, the fruit is not typically consumed by humans due to its bitter taste.

Foliage:

The foliage is one of Nyssa sylvatica’s standout features. The leaves are simple, alternate, and elliptical to oblong, measuring 3–6 inches in length and 1–3 inches in width. During the growing season, the leaves are a deep, glossy green with smooth edges and a leathery texture. In fall, they transform into a spectacular display of vibrant colors, ranging from brilliant scarlet and orange to golden yellow and deep purple. This striking autumn show makes Black Tupelo one of the most beautiful native trees for seasonal color.

Planting Instructions:

• Location: Select a site with full sun to partial shade. Full sun enhances fall coloration, while partial shade is suitable for hotter climates.
• Soil: Prefers acidic, moist, and well-draining soils but can tolerate clay, loam, and sandy soils. Avoid planting in alkaline soils.
• Spacing: Provide at least 20–30 feet of space from other trees or structures to accommodate its mature spread.

Watering:

• Water deeply during the first few years to establish a strong root system.
• Once established, it is moderately drought-tolerant but performs best with consistent moisture, especially during prolonged dry periods.
• Black Tupelo thrives in areas with periodic wet soils but does not tolerate standing water.

Fertilization:

• Generally does not require fertilization if planted in nutrient-rich soil.
• For poor soils, apply a slow-release fertilizer formulated for acid-loving plants in early spring.
• Avoid over-fertilizing, which may lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of its natural form.

Pruning:

• Prune during the dormant season (late winter to early spring) to shape the tree and remove dead or damaged branches.
• Nyssa sylvatica has a naturally symmetrical growth habit, so minimal pruning is typically required.
• Remove any suckers or competing leaders to maintain a strong central trunk.

Temperature and Hardiness:

• Hardy in USDA zones 4–9.
• Tolerates a wide range of temperatures, including cold winters and hot summers.
• Mulch around the base to retain soil moisture and regulate temperature during extreme weather.

Pests and Diseases:

• Generally pest-free but may occasionally experience issues with scale insects, aphids, or leaf spot diseases. Treat infestations with neem oil or insecticidal soap if necessary.
• Good cultural practices, such as proper watering and spacing, can help prevent disease.

Additional Tips:

• Use as a shade tree, ornamental focal point, or in naturalized areas where its beautiful fall foliage can be showcased.
• Pair with other native trees like Red Maples (Acer rubrum) or Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) for a harmonious landscape.
• Encourage wildlife by planting Nyssa sylvatica; its berries attract birds and other wildlife in the fall.

Nyssa sylvatica is a versatile and resilient tree that rewards gardeners with year-round beauty and exceptional fall color, making it a worthwhile addition to any garden or landscape.